Spinal Cord Tumors
Overview
Spinal cord tumors are abnormal growths that develop within the spinal canal or the bones of the spine. When a tumor begins inside the spinal cord or in the thin layers that surround it, it is called an intradural spinal cord tumor. Tumors that arise in the vertebrae, the bones that form the spine, are known as vertebral tumors. These tumors can press on the spinal cord or nearby nerves, leading to pain, mobility challenges, and changes in neurological function.
Spinal cord tumors may be primary, meaning they start in the spine, or metastatic, meaning they have spread from cancer in another part of the body. Regardless of type, early diagnosis and coordinated care are important for protecting nerve function, relieving symptoms, and guiding the most effective treatment. Depending on the tumor's location and behavior, treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or other specialized therapies.
Signs & Symptoms
Spinal cord tumors can cause a wide range of symptoms depending on where they develop and how much pressure they place on the spinal cord, nerves, or surrounding structures. Symptoms often begin gradually and may worsen over time as the tumor grows. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Persistent back pain, which may radiate to the hips, legs, feet, shoulders, or arms
- Pain at the tumor site, sometimes worsening at night or with activity
- Changes in sensation, such as numbness, tingling, or reduced ability to feel temperature or pain
- Muscle weakness in the arms or legs, ranging from mild to severe
- Difficulty walking or problems with balance, which may increase the risk of falls
- Loss of bowel or bladder control in more advanced cases
- Progressive stiffness or decreased coordination
Back pain is often the earliest symptom and may continue to intensify as the tumor grows. The speed at which symptoms progress can vary significantly based on the tumor type and location.
Treatments & Services
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the type of tumor, its location within or around the spinal cord, and whether it is primary or metastatic. The goals are to remove or reduce the tumor, relieve pressure on the spinal cord and nerves, protect neurological function, and ease symptoms. Common treatment options include: