# Uterine Cancer

  **Table of Contents**

 **Table of Contents** [Overview](#section-overview "Overview") [Signs & Symptoms](#section-2171 "Signs & Symptoms") [Causes](#section-2176 "Causes") [Risk Factors](#section-2181 "Risk Factors") [Treatments & Services](#section-2196 "Treatments & Services")

## Overview

Uterine cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the uterus, the hollow, pear-shaped organ in the pelvis where fetal development occurs. It is one of the most common cancers of the female reproductive system.

There are two main types of uterine cancer:

- [**Endometrial cancer**](/endometrial-cancer), which starts in the lining of the uterus (endometrium), and is the most common form.
- **Uterine sarcoma**, a rarer type that develops in the muscle or supporting tissue of the uterus.

Because symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding often appear early, many cases of uterine cancer are found and treated at an early stage, leading to positive outcomes.

## Signs & Symptoms

Uterine cancer often causes symptoms early, which can lead to timely diagnosis and treatment. These symptoms can also be linked to other conditions, so it's important to talk with your doctor if they persist or change. Common signs and symptoms may include:

- Abnormal vaginal bleeding or spotting, especially after menopause
- Bleeding between periods or unusually heavy menstrual flow
- Watery or blood-tinged vaginal discharge
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Unexplained weight loss or fatigue

## Causes

Uterine cancer begins when healthy cells in the uterus develop changes in their DNA that cause them to grow uncontrollably. Over time, these abnormal cells can form a tumor and spread to nearby tissues.

Hormonal imbalances, genetics, and certain health conditions may increase the likelihood of these DNA changes.

## Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing uterine cancer. Having one or more of these does not mean you will get the disease, but awareness and regular screening are important.

- **Hormone imbalance:** High levels of estrogen without enough progesterone can raise risk.
- **Early menstruation or late menopause:** Longer exposure to estrogen increases lifetime risk.
- **Never being pregnant:** Risk is higher in women who have never been pregnant.
- **Older age:** Uterine cancer occurs most often after menopause.
- **Obesity:** Excess body fat raises estrogen levels and increases risk.
- **Hormone therapy for breast cancer:** The medication tamoxifen can slightly increase risk; talk with your doctor if you take it.
- **Inherited syndromes:** Lynch syndrome increases the risk of uterine and other cancers.
- **Sedentary lifestyle:** Low levels of physical activity are associated with a higher risk of uterine cancer.
- **Diet low in fruits and vegetables:** Diets lacking in plant-based foods may contribute to a higher overall risk.

## Treatments & Services

 Treatment Options

Treatment for uterine cancer depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. Many cases are found early, when treatment is most effective. Common treatment options include:

[Chemotherapy](/all-treatments-services/chemotherapy)

  Services Options

Supportive care services help patients manage symptoms, maintain strength, and receive guidance throughout diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. These services aim to improve comfort and quality of life.

[Medical Oncology](/all-treatments-services/medical-oncology)